2013同等学力申硕英语模拟试题（二）

　　Passage Three

　　When Thomas Keller, one of America's foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping--as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be ant capitalist, and maybe even a little French..

　　But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping-and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.

　　Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. "Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job" is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.

　　Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.

　　Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled--in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers,.

　　What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upwelling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.

　　In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service.

　　43.It may be inferred that a European-style service______.

　　A. is tipping-free　　　　　　　　　 B. charges little tip

　　C. is the author's initiative 　　　　　D. is offered at Per-se

　　44. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author.

　　A. Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.

　　B. Waiters don't care about tipping

　　C. Customers generally believe in tipping.

　　D. Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.

　　45.According to Michael Lynn's studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they______

　　A. have performed good service

　　B. frequently refill customers' water glass

　　C. win customers' favor

　　D. serve customers of the same sex

　　46.We may infer from the context that "upwelling"(Line 2, Para 6) probably means ________

　　A. selling something up

　　B. selling something fancy

　　C. selling something unnecessary

　　D. selling something more expensive

　　47.What's the author's attitude towards tipping?

　　A. cautious

　　B. indifferent

　　C. generous

　　D. reasonable

　　48. This passage is mainly about __________

　　A. reasons to abolish the practice of tipping

　　B. economic sense of tipping

　　C. consumers' attitudes towards tipping

　　D. tipping for good service

　　Passage Four

　　"I promise." "I swear to you it'll never happen again." "I give you my word." "Honestly. Believe me." Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity. I read my students' essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism(剽窃)appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won't detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student's work with his or her name even if it's missing from the upper left-hand corner.

　　Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average(GPA)? When we're threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. "If you let me pass math I will …." "Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I'll…." Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché(陈词滥调)to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not ?

　　Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing.

　　I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it I'd understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. "I promise…., I'm not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I'm just nervous today."

　　The head of the English department agreed with my finding, and the meeting with the dean had the boy's parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy's previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation(留校察看), the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, "He's only a child" and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such…. Except in this uncomfortable circumstance.

　　49. According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for_____.

　　A.money B.degree C.higher GPA D.reputation

　　50.How does the author know that his students are cheating?

　　A. He insulted the students

　　B. He compares the handwriting of his students' signatures

　　C. He knows the students' writing style

　　D. He discovers the missing names from the upper left-hand cover

　　51.the sentence " Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises' implies that_________.

　　A.students usually keep their promises

　　B.some students tend to break their promises

　　C.the promises are always behind the situation

　　D.we cannot judge the situation in advance, as we do to the promises

　　52.The "borderline passing"(Line 3,Para.3)probably means____________.

　　A.fairly good B.extremely poor

　　C.above average D.below average

　　53.The boy's parents thought their son should be excused mainly because_______________.

　　A.teachers should be compassionate

　　B.he was only a child

　　C.instructors were wiser

　　D.he was threatened

　　54. Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?

　　A.Human Nature B.Conditional Promises

　　C.How to Detect Cheating D.The Sadness of Plagiarism

　　Passage Five

　　Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton. State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.

　　"All I hear in higher education is, 'Brand, brand, brand' " said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. "There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education."

　　Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.

　　Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant's creation of "haming structures." "brand architecture" and " identity systems," the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logon (标 识), banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words "the New School."

　　Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State. Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.

　　The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.

　　Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women's college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完 全 成 熟 的) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college's old name on late-night television and "morning zoo" radio shows.

　　Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average students' test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman said.

　　55. which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?

　　A They prefer higher education competition

　　B They try to gain advantage in market share.

　　C They want to project their image.

　　D They hope to make some changes.

　　56. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in highter education in the past decade is

　　A the brand.

　　B the college names

　　C the concept of marketing

　　D list of majors.

　　57.The phrase "come up with"(Line 3 Para 4)probably means

　　A catch up with

　　B deal with

　　C put forward

　　D come to the realization

　　58 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the university

　　A is perceived by the society

　　B hopes to expand its influence

　　C prefers to reform its reaching programs

　　D expects to enlarge its campus

　　59.According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver College

　　A turns out very successful

　　B fails to attain its goal

　　C has eliminated some jokes

　　D has transformed its status

　　60.What is the attitude of the author toward name change?

　　A neutral B indifferent

　　C suspicious D objective

　　Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

　　When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __61__ than male managers?

　　Some research __62__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater cooperativeness, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __63__ to bring emotional factors to bear __64__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __65__ to carry advantages for companies __66__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to help the company manage its workforce __67__.

　　A study commissioned by the international Women's Forum __68__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that differs from the command and control style __69__ used by male managers. Using this "interactive leadership" approach, "women __70__ participation, share power and information, __71__ other people's self-worth, and get others excited abort their work. All these __72__ reflect their belief that allowing women to contribute and to feel __73__ and important is a win-win situation-good for the employees and the organization." The study's director __74__ that "interactive leadership may emerge __75__ the management style of choice for many organizations."

　　61. A) committed B) confronted C) confined D) commanded

　　62. A) despises B) supports C) opposes D) argues

　　63. A) sensitivity B) willingness C) virtue D) loyalty

　　64. A) by B) with C) in D) at

　　65. A) seen B) revised C) watched D) disclosed

　　66. A) because B) whereas C) nonetheless D) therefore

　　67. A) effectively B) evidently C) precisely D) aggressively

　　68. A) developed B) discovered C) located D) invented

　　69. A) traditionally B) conditionally C) inherently D) occasionally

　　70. A) engage B) dismiss C) encourage D) disapprove

　　71. A) enlarge B) ignore C) degrade D) enhance

　　72. A) things B) themes C) researches D) subjects

　　73. A) circumstance B) powerful C) thoughtful D) faithful

　　74. A) defied B) predicted C) diagnosed D) proclaimed

　　75. A) as B) for C) into D) from

　　试卷二 Paper Two

　　(60 minutes)

　　Part Ⅰ Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)

　　Section A

　　Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　The first great rush of population to the far west was drawn to the mountainous regions, where gold was found in California in 1848, in Colorado and Nevada ten years later, in Montana and Wyoming in the l860s, and in the Black Hills of the Dakota country in the l870s. Miners opened up the country，established communities and laid the foundations for more permanent settlements. Yet even while digging in the hills, some settlers perceived the region's farming and stock-raising possibilities. Eventually, though a few communities continued to be devoted almost exclusively to minimal, the real wealth of Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and California proved to be in the grass and soil.

　　Section B

　　Direction: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　今天，我们在探索自己的发展道路时，坚持从中国国情出发，来解决如何进行经济政治文化建设的问题，而不照搬别国的模式。在处理国际事务中，我们采取独立自主的立场和政策。中国人民珍惜同各国人民的友谊与合作，也珍惜自己经过长期奋斗而得来的独立自主权利。

　　Part Ⅱ Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

　　Directions: For this part you are to write a short essay entitled My View on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　1. 目前高校排名相当盛行

　　2. 对这种做法人们看法不一

　　3. 我认为……

2013同等学力申硕英语模拟试题答案